National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
Emission Standard of
Air Pollutants for Industrial Kiln and Furnace
(GB9078 -1996)
1. Scope
This standard specifies, according to the service life of industrial kiln and furnace, the maximum permissible emission concentration of the fume, productive dust and harmful pollutants, and the emission limit of flue gas blackness.
This standard shall be applicable to the management of industrial kilns and furnaces that use solid fuel, liquid fuel, gas fuel and electricity (coke-oven, incinerator and cement industry excluded), and the evaluation of environment impact, the design and completion acceptance of the construction project of industrial kilns and furnaces, and the emission control after their completion.
2. Reference Standard
The articles referred in the following standards have become part of this standard.
GB3095 -1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard
GB/T16157 -1996 The Determination of Particulate and Sampling Methods of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Exhaust Gas of Stationary Source
3. Definition
The definitions in this standard are as follows:
3.1 Industrial Kiln and Furnace
The industrial kiln and furnace refer to the thermal equipment in the industrial production that uses heat produced by burning fuel or electrical conversion for the processes of smelting, roasting, sintering, melting and heating of the material or workpiece.
3.2 Standard Status
It refers to the status of flue gas under the temperature of 273K and pressure of 101325Pa, also referred as “Standard Status”. The emission concentration stipulated in this standard refers to the numerical value of dry flue gas under Standard Status.
3.3 Unorganized Emission
Any leaked fume, productive dust and harmful pollutant, not emitted through stack or exhaust system, is called Unorganized Emission.
3.4 Excessive Air Coefficient
It refers to the ratio of actual air demand and theoretical air demand in burning fuel.
3.5 Air Entrainment Coefficient
The Air Entrainment Coefficient of cupola refers to the ratio of the air entering the cupola from the feeding entry and theoretical air demand during the cupola process.
4. Technical Contents
4.1 Applicable Area of Emission Standard
4.1.1 This standard is grouped into three classes: I, II and III, which in correspondence with the function areas of ambient air quality specified in GB3095 “Ambient Air Quality Standard” respectively:
Class I for the area of division 1;
Class II for the area of division 2;
Class III for the area of division 3;
4.1.2 In the area of division 1, any new industrial kiln and furnace shall be forbidden to build and no polluted load can be increased when rebuilding the existing ones, except asphalt-heating furnace temporarily used in municipal works and construction.
4.2 For the industrial kilns and furnaces installed (including those have not been installed but the ambient impact reports (sheets) have been approved) before January 1st, 1997, the maximum permissible emission concentration of fume and productive dust, and the limit of flue gas blackness are stipulated in Table 1.
Table 1
|
No. |
Types of Kiln and furnace |
Standard Class |
Emission Limit |
|
|
Fume & Dust Concentration |
Blackness of Flue Gas (Lingeman Standard) |
|
|
|
1 |
Smelting Furnace |
Blast furnace & Iron Outlet of Blast Furnace |
I |
100 |
/ |
|
|
II |
150 |
/ |
|
|
III |
200 |
/ |
|
|
Steel-smelting Furnace & Melting Mixer (Car) |
I |
100 |
/ |
|
|
II |
150 |
/ |
|
|
III |
200 |
/ |
|
|
Iron-alloy
Smelting Furnace |
I |
100 |
/ |
|
|
II |
150 |
/ |
|
|
III |
250 |
/ |
|
|
Non-ferrous Metals Smelting Furnace |
I |
100 |
/ |
|
|
II |
200 |
/ |
|
|
III |
300 |
/ |
|
|
No. |
Types of Kiln and furnace |
Standard Class |
Emission Limit |
|
|
Fume & Dust Concentration |
Blackness of Flue Gas (Lingeman Standard) |
|
|
|
2 |
Melting Furnace |
Cupola、
Iron-melting Furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
Metal-melting Furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
Non-metal Melting、Smelting Furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
250 |
1 |
|
|
III |
400 |
1 |
|
|
3 |
Iron-ore Sintering Furnace |
Sintering Machine
(head、tail parts) |
I |
100 |
/ |
|
|
II |
150 |
/ |
|
|
III |
200 |
/ |
|
|
Pelletizing Vertical Furnace
Band Pellet |
I |
100 |
/ |
|
|
II |
150 |
/ |
|
|
III |
200 |
/ |
|
|
4 |
Heating Furnace |
Metal-mangling、forging Furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
300 |
1 |
|
|
III |
350 |
1 |
|
|
Non-metal Furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
300 |
1 |
|
|
III |
350 |
1 |
|
|
5 |
Heat Treatment Furnace |
Metal Heat Treatment Furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
300 |
1 |
|
|
III |
350 |
1 |
|
|
Non-metal Heat Treatment Furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
300 |
1 |
|
|
III |
350 |
1 |
|
|
No. |
Types of Kiln and furnace |
Standard Class |
Emission Limit |
|
|
Fume & Dust Concentration |
Blackness of Flue Gas (Lingeman Standard) |
|
|
|
6 |
Drying kiln and furnace |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
250 |
1 |
|
|
III |
350 |
1 |
|
|
7 |
Non-metal Roasting (Forge) Furnace (Refractory Kiln) |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
300 |
1 |
|
|
III |
400 |
2 |
|
|
8 |
Lime Kiln |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
250 |
1 |
|
|
III |
400 |
1 |
|
|
9 |
Ceramic Enamel Brick Kiln |
Tunnel Kiln |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
250 |
1 |
|
|
III |
400 |
1 |
|
|
Other Kilns |
I |
100 |
1 |
|
|
II |
300 |
1 |
|
|
III |
500 |
2 |
|
|
10 |
Other kilns and furnaces |
I |
150 |
1 |
|
|
II |
300 |
1 |
|
|
III |
400 |
1 |
|
Note: The slash “/” in the table refers to non-monitoring items. Same for the below.
4.3 For the newly-built、rebuilt and extended industrial kilns and furnaces, whose ambient impact reports (sheets) have been approved after January 1st, 1997, the maximum permissible emission concentration of fume and productive dust, and the limit of flue gas blackness are stipulated in Table 2.
Table 2
|
No. |
Types of kiln and furnace |
Standard Class |
Emission Limit |
|
|
Fume & Dust Concentration |
Blackness of Flue Gas (Lingeman Standard) |
|
|
|
1 |
Smelting Furnace |
Blast furnace & Iron Outlet of Blast Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
/ |
|
|
II |
100 |
/ |
|
|
III |
150 |
/ |
|
|
Steel-smelting Furnace & Melting Mixer (Car) |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
/ |
|
|
II |
100 |
/ |
|
|
III |
150 |
/ |
|
|
Iron-alloy
Smelting Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
/ |
|
|
II |
100 |
/ |
|
|
III |
200 |
/ |
|
|
Non-ferrous Metals Smelting Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
/ |
|
|
II |
100 |
/ |
|
|
III |
200 |
/ |
|
|
2 |
Melting Furnace |
Cupola、
Iron-melting Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
150 |
1 |
|
|
III |
200 |
1 |
|
|
Metal-melting Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
150 |
1 |
|
|
III |
200 |
1 |
|
|
Non-metal Melting、Smelting Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
3 |
Iron-ore Sintering Furnace |
Sintering Machine
(head、tail parts) |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
/ |
|
|
II |
100 |
/ |
|
|
III |
150 |
/ |
|
|
Pelletizing Vertical Furnace
Band Pellet |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
/ |
|
|
II |
100 |
/ |
|
|
III |
150 |
/ |
|
|
No. |
Types of kiln and furnace |
Standard Class |
Emission Limit |
|
|
Fume & Dust Concentration |
Blackness of Flue Gas (Lingeman Standard) |
|
|
|
4 |
Heating Furnace |
Metal-mangling、forging Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
Non-metal Furnace |
I |
50* |
1 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
5 |
Heat Treatment Furnace |
Metal Heat Treatment Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
Non-metal Heat Treatment Furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
6 |
Drying kiln and furnace |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
7 |
Non-metal Roasting (Forge) Furnace (Refractory Kiln) |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
2 |
|
|
8 |
Lime Kiln |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
350 |
1 |
|
|
9 |
Ceramic Enamel Brick Kiln |
Tunnel Kiln |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
|
Other Kilns |
I |
Forbidden Emission |
0 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
400 |
2 |
|
|
10 |
Other kilns and furnaces |
I |
100* |
1 |
|
|
II |
200 |
1 |
|
|
III |
300 |
1 |
|
Note: * Asphalt-heating furnace temporarily used in municipal works and construction only
4.4 For all industrial kilns and furnaces (despite their time of installation), the maximum permissible unorganized emission concentration of fume (dust) is stipulated in Table 3.
Table 3
,
|
Installation Mode |
Types of Kiln and Furnace |
Maximum Permissible Unorganized Emission Concentration of Fume (Dust) (mg/m3) |
|
With Workshop and Building |
Smelting Furnace、
Iron-ore Sintering Furnace |
25 |
|
Other kilns and furnaces |
5 |
|
Outdoors (or with roof, without wall) |
Various industrial kilns and furnaces |
5 |
4.5 The maximum permissible emission concentration of harmful pollutant from various industrial kilns and furnaces is stipulated in Table 4.
Table 4
|
No. |
Name of Harmful Pollutants |
Standard Class |
Industrial Kiln and Furnace Installed before Jan 1st, 1997 |
Industrial Kiln and Furnace Newly-built, Rebuilt or Extended after Jan 1st, 1997 |
|
|
Emission Concentration (mg/m3) |
Emission Concentration (mg/m3) |
|
|
|
1 |
Sulfur Dioxide |
Non-ferrous metals smelting |
I |
850 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
1430 |
850 |
|
|
III |
4300 |
1430 |
|
|
Iron & steel sintering and smelting |
I |
1430 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
2860 |
2000 |
|
|
III |
4300 |
2860 |
|
|
Coal (oil)-fired kiln and furnace |
I |
1200 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
1430 |
850 |
|
|
III |
1800 |
1200 |
|
|
2 |
Fluorine and its compound (on the basis of F) |
I |
6 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
15 |
6 |
|
|
III |
50 |
15 |
|
|
3 |
Lead |
Metal smelting |
I |
5 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
30 |
10 |
|
|
III |
45 |
35 |
|
|
Others |
I |
0.5 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
0.10 |
0.10 |
|
|
III |
0.20 |
0.10 |
|
|
4 |
Mercury |
Metal smelting |
I |
0.05 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
3.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
III |
5.0 |
3.0 |
|
|
Others |
I |
0.008 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
0.010 |
0.010 |
|
|
III |
0.020 |
0.010 |
|
|
No. |
Name of Harmful Pollutants |
Standard Class |
Industrial Kiln and Furnace Installed before Jan 1st, 1997 |
Industrial Kiln and Furnace Newly-built, Rebuilt or Extended after Jan 1st, 1997 |
|
|
Emission Concentration (mg/m3) |
Emission Concentration (mg/m3) |
|
|
|
5 |
Beryllium and its compound (on the basis of Be) |
I |
0.010 |
Forbidden Emission |
|
|
II |
0.015 |
0.010 |
|
|
III |
0.015 |
0.015 |
|
|
6 |
Asphalt oil fume |
I |
10 |
5* |
|
|
II |
80 |
50 |
|
|
III |
150 |
100 |
|
Note: * Asphalt-heating furnace temporarily used in municipal works and construction only
4.6 Height of Stack
4.6.1 For all industrial kilns and furnaces, the lowest permissible height of stacks (or exhaust cylinders) shall be 15m.
4.6.2 For the industrial kilns and furnaces, newly-built、rebuilt or extended after Jan 1st, 1997, which emit fume (dust) and harmful pollutants, the lowest permissible height of their stacks (or exhaust cylinders) shall be in conformity with the stipulation in 4.6.1 and 4.6.3, and shall be determined based on the approved ambient impact report as well.
4.6.3 When there are buildings within a radius of 200m from the stack (or exhaust cylinder), in addition to the height stipulated in 4.6.1 and 4.6.2 has to be followed, the height of stack (or exhaust cylinder) has to be 3m above the building.
4.6.4 If the height of stack (or exhaust cylinder) cannot meet any one of the stipulation in 4.6.1、4.6.2 or 4.6.3, the maximum permissible emission concentration of the fume (dust) or harmful pollutants shall be 50% of the standard emission concentration of the appropriate areas.
4.6.5 For the newly-built、rebuilt or extended industrial kilns and furnaces, permanent sampling、monitoring holes and platform for this purpose shall be installed.
5. Monitoring and measuring
5.1 Testing the working condition: the test shall be carried out under the maximum thermal load. When a kiln or furnace exceeds or cannot reach the design capacity, the test shall be performed under thermal load of the maximum productive capacity, that is, under stable heating stage when consumption amount of fuel is larger. The testing time shall not be less than two hours in usual.
5.2 The measured emission concentration of fume (dust) or harmful pollutants shall be converted to the value of specified air entrainment coefficient or proper air coefficient:
Cupola (cold blast furnace, blast temperature ≤400OC) air entrainment coefficient shall be 4.0;
Cupola (hot blast furnace, blast temperature >400OC) air entrainment coefficient shall be 2.5;
Excessive air coefficient of other industrial kilns and furnaces shall be 1.7.
The emission concentration of smelting furnace and iron-ore sintering furnace shall be based on measured concentration.
5.3 The monitoring point of unorganized emission fume and productive dust should be provided at the door or window discharge outlet of the workshop of the industrial kiln and furnace, and the maximum concentration must be chosen. If the industrial kiln and furnace is setup outdoors ( or with roof, without wall), the monitoring point shall be provided at any point , which is 5m、(minimum of 1.5m) away from the fume (dust) exhaust source, and the maximum concentration shall be chosen.
6. Implementation of Standard
6.1 The environment protection administration department of the people’s government superior to county level shall be responsible for the supervision and implementation of this standard.
6.2 For the industrial kiln and furnace in the acid rain and sulfur dioxide control areas, which are approved and stipulated by the State Council, not only the emission amount of SO2, stipulated in this standard has to be followed, but also the standard for total amount control. |
